This essay analyses the current situation of translation criticism in China , pointing out issues like “casualness”, “one-sidedness” and the “occasional nature” of the practice of translation criticism. The essay continues with a focused assessment of the studies of Chinese and Western translation criticism theories in China, arguing that such studies should be consolidated on the basis of “a scientific critical attitude”, “an autonomous critical system”, “a normative critical standard” and “an open critical vision and a guiding critical function”, so as to enhance the construction of theory.

The 2,000-year history of Western translation studies saw the emergence of many theories and schools of thought. The diverse perspectives assumed by different schools have lent varied insights into the nature of translation and have given constant impetus to the development of this field of study. This paper reviews some important schools and seminal theories of translation in the West, notably those that have developed in this century. Special emphasis is given to the discussion of the implications carried by the socio-semiotic theory for the study and teaching of translation.

In the last one hundred years the confusion in translating English names into Chinese has constituted a barrier to communication among Chinese-speaking societies. The translations of foreign names in Taiwan and the Chinese mainland usually differ. The purpose of this paper is to devise a system of translating English names which is compatible with the phonological systems adopted in the Chinese mainland. The new system would help toward the removal of some difficulties in transliterating foreign names. According to the principle of “definite translation” the paper establishes a table for transliterating English names. Previous confusion in translating foreign names can be avoided by using the “definite translation” method. The table also provides sufficient Chinese characters for translating female names.

Despite the many studies of Yan Fu, one of the most important translators of the late Qing, the author of this paper feels that the true meaning of xin , da , ya , the terms used by Yan to explain the difficulties in translation, has not been correctly understood. By analysing Yan's own writings, he argues, against the general belief, that the three terms are closely related and directed towards one goal: faithfulness to the original. This paper nevertheless agrees that Yan interpreted “faithfulness” in a way different from the present views. It was a faithfulness that took into consideration the standard of the readers. At a time when the readers were hopelessly ignorant of the West and arrogant about their own culture, Yan had to resort to various means to put across the ideas of the originals. Adopting the more recent theories in translation studies, which emphasize the political function of translation, the present paper also attempts to put Yan's translations and his theories into the historical context, relating them to the socio-political situation of the time. This helps to understand better the general translation trend in the late Qing, when people looked to translation as a means of national salvation.

This bibliography brings together Chinese translations of drama in English published and/or staged in the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan in the twentieth century. By no means exhaustive, it is an attempt to provide translation researchers with information on translations undertaken in the present century, on the major Chinese translators of drama, and on publication background. But in addition to simply listing available translations, an effort has been made to evaluate individual works, making use of recently developed translation-critical tools, especially the comparative method in criticism. It is hoped that this bibliography will furnish a basis for the extensive study of English plays translated into Chinese, and allow scholars to analyse regional differences in translating, as well as theorise about drama translation in general. This is part I of a two-part series.

Fou Lai was one of the most eminent translators of French literature in China . Great masters such as Balzac, Romain Rolland, Merime and Voltaire were introduced into China with great success through his translations. His son, Fu Ts'ong, is a world-renowned pianist who was sent to Poland to study music with Prof. Drzewiecki during the early 1950's. Fou Lai later committed suicide in 1966 at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. Almost twenty years after his death, Fou Lai's Family Correspondence was published in Beijing , Hong Kong and Taiwan . It immediately became one of the most popular and influential books in Chinese communities. Recently, his letters to Prof. Drzewiecki written in French have been found and brought back to London by Fou Ts'ong. Seven of them have been translated into Chinese and are published in this Journal.

在現今的社會裡，翻譯的重要性與日俱增。因此，翻譯理論理應佔有翻譯課程的核心課程。翻譯理論的內容應包括翻譯不同語段之方法，如透過主旨、摘要、總結、摘錄、同位翻譯及目標（或以讀者為取向的）翻譯，將原文化為譯文。

翻譯理論應為未來而設，而不應只回顧過去，單單描述過往的文化規範極多元系統。翻譯理論更應為現在及將來定下標準、原則及方法，此外，還須區分文學及非文學翻譯，因為前者意在言外，講求文采；但後者則敘述事實，樸實無華。目前學術界有形形色色討論語言風格、反映不同看法和感受的文章（包括篇目翻譯以致標點符號翻譯），翻譯理論對此均能有所貢獻。

所有翻譯理論都試圖為譯者提供一套試驗性的基本原則，以助其譯出語際對等的滿意之作。而不同譯者之間的主要差異，在於他們著重的方向有別，例如語言學、心理學、神經生理學、文化人類學、交際理論及語文學等。在將原文的形式及內容譯成其他文字之際，這種方向的分別，有助於譯者領悟翻譯過程中的種種決定因素。

現在某些最有效的翻譯理論是從研究語言交際的社會語言學衍生出來的。在語言交際裡，作者、媒介、環境、及接收者的語言及文化語境，對於翻譯是否有效及可否接受具有決定作用。語言及文化的緊密關係是理所當然的，因為語言不單是文化的一部份，而且更是用來理解文化及有系統地研究文化不可缺少的工具。

本文旨在探索高效率工作認知潛能，亦即翻譯信息處理原則。認知潛能有助於（一）譯者面對新舊翻譯情景時，知道怎樣認知處理；（二）在整體知識及技巧的基礎上，懂得運用什麼方法。

由於譯者通常根據個人興趣、傾向、及能力，對不同的語段環境有不同的選擇，故此，以上的探索難以得到及時的答案。本文嘗試用啟發方式，發展一套參考架構，以期將一種智能語言行為，應用於翻譯工作評估方面。

《紅樓夢》譯者所面對的許多挑戰中，個人方言也許不算最艱難；但是，向其他語型（諸如方言、語域、語調）一樣，個人方言可以成為極重要的一個因素，足以決定譯文的成敗。譯者忽視了小說人物的個人方言，譯文就會缺乏生氣，捕捉不到原著的神韻。

就音系、語法、詞彙而言，除了湘雲這一顯著的例外，曹雪芹描寫《紅樓夢》的主要人物（其中包括寶玉、黛玉、寶釵、熙鳳、賈母）時，一般都沒有賦予標記鮮明的個人方言。可是，在扮演次要或詼諧角色的若干人物的話語中，個人方言的特徵往往清晰可辨。這類人類說話時，話語往往顯著突出，與主要人物所說、而又沒有個人方言標記的話語形成鮮明對比。劉姥姥說話時，字裡行間有鄉間經驗的色彩，與熙鳳或賈母的話語有別，就是一個例子。

本文旨在探討曹雪芹在《紅樓夢》裡如何運用各種個人方言，並且具體說明，楊憲益夫婦、霍克思、麥休姊妹、尤利、奎赫訥、李治華、阿雷扎伊等譯者，在譯本中如何處理各種個人方言，同時討論他們的處理方式如何提高或降低譯本的水平。

這篇書評剖析並推介了奧黑根的《遙譯：藉助於電信科技以排除傳譯障礙的新興行業》，且間接道出這新奇行業的必然發展與隱弊。